Ethernet Quick Guide 1.0

Ethernet is a widely used technology for connecting devices in a local area network (LAN). It defines the rules and protocols for data transfer between devices.

Ethernet uses a set of standards and protocols to transmit data over a network. It operates on the data link layer of the OSI model, where frames are sent between devices using MAC addresses.

Common Ethernet speeds include 10 Mbps (Ethernet), 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet), 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet), and 10,000 Mbps (10 Gigabit Ethernet). There are also higher speeds available in newer technologies like 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet.

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card (NIC) in a device. It consists of six pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by colons or hyphens.

A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices in an Ethernet network. It learns MAC addresses of connected devices and forwards data packets only to the intended recipient.

A router is a networking device that connects multiple networks together, such as connecting an Ethernet LAN to the internet. It determines the best path for data packets to reach their destinations using IP addresses.

Full duplex allows simultaneous communication in both directions, enabling devices to send and receive data at the same time. Half duplex allows communication in only one direction at a time, where devices take turns to transmit and receive data.

An Ethernet frame is the basic unit of data transmission in Ethernet networks. It consists of a header, payload, and trailer, which include necessary information for proper delivery of data across the network.

The maximum cable length for Ethernet networks depends on the type of Ethernet being used. For example, classic Ethernet (10 Mbps) has a maximum cable length of 100 meters, while Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) has a maximum cable length of 100 meters for copper cables and much longer for fiber optic cables.

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that allows network devices to receive power and data over the same Ethernet cable. It eliminates the need for separate power sources for devices like IP cameras, Wi-Fi access points, and VoIP phones.